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光明網(wǎng)訊工程技術(shù)的進(jìn)步對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展起著不可或缺的作用。如今，一系列新的全球挑戰(zhàn)已然出現(xiàn)，必須通過(guò)教育、研究和工程解決方案來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)。

為應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，中國(guó)、英國(guó)和美國(guó)的國(guó)家工程院自2013年以來(lái)聯(lián)合舉辦了四次全球重大挑戰(zhàn)論壇。舉辦論壇的目的是為了促進(jìn)全球共同應(yīng)對(duì)重大工程挑戰(zhàn)（促進(jìn)人類(lèi)發(fā)展的14個(gè)目標(biāo)），并鼓勵(lì)國(guó)際合作以實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)。

秉承全球重大挑戰(zhàn)論壇的精神，中國(guó)工程院、英國(guó)皇家工程院和美國(guó)工程院在此共同承諾，將努力促進(jìn)通過(guò)工程方法應(yīng)對(duì)全球新冠肺炎疫情的國(guó)際行動(dòng)。

在14項(xiàng)全球重大工程挑戰(zhàn)中，以下3項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)與通過(guò)工程方法應(yīng)對(duì)疫情密切相關(guān)。

?發(fā)展衛(wèi)生信息學(xué)

隨著計(jì)算機(jī)在人類(lèi)活動(dòng)各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的普及，當(dāng)今的共識(shí)是，衛(wèi)生信息學(xué)的系統(tǒng)方法（衛(wèi)生信息的獲取、管理和使用）可以極大地提升醫(yī)療的質(zhì)量、效率以及對(duì)突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件的響應(yīng)速度。衛(wèi)生和生物醫(yī)學(xué)信息學(xué)涵蓋了從個(gè)人到全球的不同層面的問(wèn)題，從個(gè)體患者的醫(yī)療記錄到各國(guó)政府和國(guó)際衛(wèi)生組織之間有關(guān)疾病流行的數(shù)據(jù)共享。

強(qiáng)健的衛(wèi)生信息學(xué)系統(tǒng)使衛(wèi)生專(zhuān)業(yè)人員能夠檢測(cè)、跟蹤和減緩公共衛(wèi)生突發(fā)事件。本次疫情突出表明，開(kāi)發(fā)和實(shí)施此類(lèi)系統(tǒng)以及公開(kāi)分享其數(shù)據(jù)的重要性。

中、英、美三國(guó)工程院認(rèn)為，開(kāi)展公共衛(wèi)生信息共享方面的國(guó)際合作，對(duì)應(yīng)對(duì)疫情非常重要。

?開(kāi)發(fā)更好的藥物，以及

?開(kāi)發(fā)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的工具

在開(kāi)發(fā)新系統(tǒng)和技術(shù)來(lái)利用遺傳信息、感知人體的微小變化、評(píng)估新藥以及制造和提供疫苗上，工程師始終處于最前沿。面對(duì)全球疫情，這些工作都十分重要。科學(xué)家和臨床醫(yī)生需要依賴工程師為他們提供執(zhí)行尖端任務(wù)所需的儀器以及分析和定量方法。

體現(xiàn)這種重要依賴性的最新案例，是科學(xué)家和工程師之間攜手合作，快速確定新冠病毒（SARS-CoV-2）的全基因組序列并使其可在2020年初免費(fèi)在線獲取。這需要大量的工程投入與協(xié)調(diào)工作：生物工程師設(shè)計(jì)了用于表征病毒的生化測(cè)序步驟，機(jī)械工程師開(kāi)發(fā)了流體系統(tǒng)以使材料在儀器間精確地移動(dòng)，光學(xué)和電氣工程師提供了檢測(cè)測(cè)序反應(yīng)所需的傳感器，材料工程師創(chuàng)建了在液體環(huán)境中工作的電路，以及計(jì)算機(jī)工程師開(kāi)發(fā)了從所產(chǎn)生的萬(wàn)億字節(jié)數(shù)據(jù)中提取必要信息所需的硬件和軟件。

為戰(zhàn)勝本次疫情并預(yù)防未來(lái)的疫情，需要讓診斷、疫苗開(kāi)發(fā)和生產(chǎn)、設(shè)備研發(fā)以及數(shù)據(jù)分析取得進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。三國(guó)工程院聯(lián)合倡議，國(guó)際合作，而非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，應(yīng)成為上述領(lǐng)域取得進(jìn)展的驅(qū)動(dòng)力。

著眼未來(lái)

世界正在面臨著新冠肺炎疫情的挑戰(zhàn)，這進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了中、英、美三國(guó)工程院繼續(xù)合作應(yīng)對(duì)全球重大挑戰(zhàn)的必要性。應(yīng)對(duì)疫情的國(guó)際合作是我們共同努力應(yīng)對(duì)重大挑戰(zhàn)的一個(gè)典型案例。中、英、美三國(guó)工程院時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備與全球工程、科學(xué)和技術(shù)界一道，加強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新合作，促進(jìn)更加開(kāi)放、包容、互惠共享的國(guó)際交流，為推動(dòng)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇和建設(shè)更加強(qiáng)健的公共衛(wèi)生體系做出貢獻(xiàn)。

值此艱難時(shí)刻，只要全球工程科技界同舟共濟(jì)，守望相助，就一定能夠戰(zhàn)勝疫情，迎來(lái)人類(lèi)發(fā)展更加美好的共同未來(lái)。為此，中國(guó)工程院、英國(guó)皇家工程院和美國(guó)工程院將在2021年組織三期線上系列研討會(huì)（由每個(gè)工程院分別組織一期），討論各國(guó)在疫情方面的工程技術(shù)進(jìn)步，以及開(kāi)發(fā)、生產(chǎn)和推廣工程技術(shù)應(yīng)對(duì)疫情措施的最佳實(shí)踐。

這一在線活動(dòng)將提供一個(gè)全球論壇，著重展示開(kāi)展聯(lián)合行動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)，并將為2022年在中國(guó)舉行的全球重大挑戰(zhàn)論壇的進(jìn)一步行動(dòng)奠定基礎(chǔ)。

Joint Statement on COVID-19

Xiaohong Li, Jim McDonald, John L. Anderson

Advances in engineering and technology have played an indispensable role in shaping social and economic development. A host of new global challenges have appeared, though, that must be addressed through engineering education, research, and solutions.

To address such challenges, the national academies of engineering of China, the United Kingdom, and the United States have jointly sponsored four Global Grand Challenges Summits (GGCS) since 2013. The GGCS were launched to accelerate global engagement on the Grand Challenges for Engineering—14 goals for improving life on the planet—and encourage international collaborations to achieve them.

Coming together in the spirit of the Grand Challenges initiative, the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng), and US National Academy of Engineering (NAE) jointly affirm our commitment to foster and facilitate international action to respond to the global COVID-19 pandemic through engineering approaches.

Three Grand Challenges are specifically relevant to the engineering response to the pandemic.

· Advance Health Informatics

As computers have become available for all aspects of human endeavors, there is now a consensus that a systematic approach to health informatics—the acquisition, management, and use of information in health—can greatly enhance the quality and efficiency of medical care and the response to widespread public health emergencies. Health and biomedical informatics encompass issues from the personal to global, ranging from thorough medical records for individual patients to the sharing of data about disease outbreaks among governments and international health organizations.

Robust health informatics systems enable health professionals to detect, track, and mitigate public health emergencies. Recent events underline the importance of developing and implementing such systems and of openly disseminating their data.

The three academies affirm the importance of international cooperation in sharing public health information in response to the pandemic.

· Engineer Better Medicines and

· Engineer the Tools of Scientific Discovery

Engineers are at the forefront of developing new systems and technologies to use genetic information, sense small changes in the body, assess new drugs, and manufacture and deliver vaccines. All of these are important in the face of a global pandemic. Scientists and clinicians depend on engineers to provide them with the instruments and analytical and quantitative methods they need to perform cutting-edge work.

One recent example of this vital dependence was the collaboration between research scientists and engineers to quickly determine the viral sequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and make it freely available online in early 2020. This required a very broad array of engineering input and coordination: Bioengineers designed the biochemical sequencing steps used to characterize the virus, mechanical engineers developed the fluidic system to move material accurately through instrumentation, optical and electrical engineers provided the sensors needed to detect the sequencing reactions, material engineers created circuitry that worked in aqueous environments, and computer engineers developed the hardware and software needed to extract necessary information from the resulting terabytes of data.

Conquering the pandemic—and preventing future ones—will require advances in devices, diagnostics, vaccine development and production, and data analytics. The three academies jointly recommend that international collaboration, rather than competition, be a driving force in developing them.

Committing to the Future

The fact that the world is facing the challenge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) further validates the need for the three academies’ continued collaboration to address global grand challenges. International cooperation in response to the pandemic is one of the obvious examples of our efforts to address the Grand Challenges for Engineering. The three academies stand ready to work with the global engineering, science, and technology communities to strengthen innovation and cooperation, promote more open, inclusive, and mutually beneficial international exchanges, and contribute to global economic recovery and a more robust public health system.

As long as the global engineering community stands together and helps each other in this difficult time, we will be able to overcome the pandemic and usher in a better shared future. To that end, the CAE, RAEng, and NAE will organize and webcast a three-seminar series in 2021—one organized by each academy—on the pandemic-related engineering advances each country has achieved and on best practices for the development, production, and dissemination of interventions.

This online effort will provide a global forum highlighting opportunities for joint initiatives and will lay the groundwork for further action at the 2022 Global Grand Challenges Summit in China.

附：

關(guān)于14項(xiàng)全球重大工程技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)項(xiàng)目

2008年2月16日，美國(guó)國(guó)家工程院宣布了14項(xiàng)21世紀(jì)的全球重大工程技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)項(xiàng)目。

14項(xiàng)全球重大工程技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)項(xiàng)目是由來(lái)自世界各地專(zhuān)家組成的一個(gè)多學(xué)科委員會(huì)，經(jīng)數(shù)次召開(kāi)會(huì)議討論后提出的。這一委員會(huì)指出，并沒(méi)有試圖涵蓋每一個(gè)重大挑戰(zhàn)，也不為克服所選擇挑戰(zhàn)的特殊方法背書(shū)。沒(méi)把目標(biāo)重點(diǎn)放在預(yù)測(cè)或是小機(jī)械裝置上，而是盡力找出有益于人類(lèi)與地球興旺繁榮所需要完成的事項(xiàng)，這些技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)中任何一項(xiàng)的成功都將大幅改善每個(gè)人的生活。

14項(xiàng)全球重大挑戰(zhàn)項(xiàng)目包括：

生產(chǎn)可負(fù)擔(dān)得起的太陽(yáng)能

以核聚變提供能源、開(kāi)發(fā)碳隔離技術(shù)

管理氮循環(huán)、全球都可用到潔凈水

恢復(fù)和改善城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施

發(fā)展衛(wèi)生信息學(xué)

研制更好的藥物

人腦逆向工程

防止核恐怖行動(dòng)

確保網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間安全

增強(qiáng)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)

推進(jìn)個(gè)性化學(xué)習(xí)

發(fā)展科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)工具